Frontotemporal dementia: post debut exposure to a traumatic evento

Abstract

Introduction: A traumatic event can forever alter the course of a life. This was the case for a 71-year-old patient who, after experiencing a profoundly impactful event, began to develop symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Over time, these symptoms evolved into something even more devastating: a diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia. This case inspired the present investigation, as PTSD has been identified as a potential risk factor for the development of various types of dementia, particularly frontotemporal dementia. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the relationship between PTSD and dementia. Additionally, a detailed case analysis of a patient who suffered from PTSD and was subsequently diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia was included to illustrate this potential connection. Results: The reviewed studies suggest that PTSD is associated with an increased risk of developing frontotemporal dementia, especially when the individual has been exposed to prolonged stress. Psychiatric factors such as depression and anxiety emerged as important mediators in this relationship. The clinical case aligns with the studies, showing an early and rapid onset of dementia symptoms following the traumatic event. Conclusion: There is a complex relationship between PTSD and the early onset of dementia, highlighting the importance of comprehensive and timely diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying this connection, allowing for the development of early interventions that could prevent or slow long-term cognitive decline.